Oracle says that the system must have at least 512MB of RAM and 1GB of swap space or twice the size of RAM. And for systems with more than 2 GB of RAM, the swap space can be between one and two times the size of RAM. You might also want to check out Sizing Swap Space.
For test sake I tried to install an Oracle Database 10g (Type: General Purpose Database) on a little PC with 256MB of RAM and 1 GB of swap space. I was able to get a 10g database up and running on this little PC without a problem.
To check the size of physical memory, execute:
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
To check the size of swap space, execute:
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
You also can add temporary swap space to your system by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:
su - root
dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpswap bs=1k count=900000
chmod 600 tmpswap
mkswap tmpswap
swapon tmpswap
To disable the temporary swap space execute the following commands:
su - root
swapoff tmpswap
rm tmpswap
Checking /tmp Space
According to Oracle's documentation, the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory. But OUI checks if /tmp is only greater than 80 MB.
To check the space in /tmp, run:
$ df /tmp
If you do not have enough space in the /tmp filesystem, you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this:
su - root
mkdir /
chown root.root /
chmod 1777 /
export TEMP=/
export TMPDIR=/
When you are done with the Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary /tmp directory:
su - root
rmdir /
unset TEMP
unset TMPDIR
Checking Software Packages (RPMs)
General
Before you install an Oracle Database 10g you need to check the system for required RPMs. On my systems I usually install a minimum list of RPMs which usually requires the installation of additional packages for Oracle databases. Always ensure to use the latest RPMs and kernels!
For 10g R2 (64-bit) on RHEL 4 x86_64, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86-64 lists the following required package versions or higher:
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
Also ensure to install the libaio-0.3.96 RPM or a newer version! Otherwise the OUI prerequisite check will fail.
To check if you are running the x86_64 kernel on a x86_64 platform, run:
# uname -mi
x86_64 x86_64
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \
binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs \
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver libaio
It is important to have these x86_64 RPMs installed. The above command will list the architecture of each binary package. You will see that some RPMs are installed twice when you run this command (x86 RPM and x86_64 RPM). You need to ensure that all required x86-64 RPMs listed here are installed.
For 10g R2 (32-bit) on RHEL 4 x86, the document Oracle Database Release Notes 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86 lists the following required package versions or higher:
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
Also ensure to install the libaio-0.3.96 RPM or a newer version! Otherwise the OUI prerequisite check will fail.
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs \
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver libaio
Installing the RPMs
10g R2 on RHEL AS 4 (x86)
On my RHEL AS 4 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm \
gcc-c++-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm \
libstdc++-devel-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm \
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm \
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm \
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.i386.rpm \
compat-db-4.1.25-9.i386.rpm \
ORBit-0.5.17-14.i386.rpm \
gtk+-1.2.10-33.i386.rpm \
imlib-1.9.13-23.i386.rpm \
libpng10-1.0.16-1.i386.rpm \
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-16.el4.i386.rpm \
libungif-4.1.3-1.i386.rpm \
alsa-lib-1.0.6-5.RHEL4.i386.rpm \
audiofile-0.2.6-1.i386.rpm \
esound-0.2.35-2.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh sysstat-5.0.5-1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.103-3.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm
I don't know why the control-center RPM and the xscreensaver RPM are listed as requirements. On my system I did not install these RPMs since I'm against installing desktop stuff on servers. When I installed 10g R2 I did not experience any problems when these RPMs were missing. When you want to install control-center RPM and the xscreensaver, then have fun. The list can be very long with all the dependencies like gnome-desktop, cdrecord etc..
10g R1 on RHEL AS 4 (x86)
On my RHEL AS 4 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4.i386.rpm \
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm \
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm \
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.87.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-6.RHEL4.2.i386.rpm \
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm
Note that the 10g 10.1.0.3 OUI Product-specific Prerequisite check will fail for the gcc, binutils, and openmotif versions. You can ignore these failed checks and proceed.
The redhat-release RPM should already be installed by default. But note that 10.1.0.3.0 OUI does not recognize RHEL AS 4 as a supported release yet. This means you will have to edit the /etc/redhat-release file, see below, or you apply the 4153257 patch for 10g R1 on RHEL 4. 10g R2 does recognise RHEL AS 4 as a supported platform.
Checking Kernel Parameters
To see all kernel parameters, execute:
su - root
sysctl -a
For Oracle10g, the following kernel parameters have to be set to values greater than or equal to the recommended values which can be changed in the proc filesystem:
shmmax = 2147483648 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax)
shmmni = 4096 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni)
shmall = 2097152 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall) (for 10g R1)
shmmin = 1 (To verify, execute: ipcs -lm |grep "min seg size")
shmseg = 10 (It's hardcoded in the kernel - the default is much higher)
semmsl = 250 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $1}')
semmns = 32000 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $2}')
semopm = 100 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $3}')
semmni = 128 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $4}')
file-max = 65536 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max)
ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
(To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range)
NOTE: Do not change the value of any kernel parameter on a system where it is already higher than listed as minimum requirement.
On RHEL AS 4 x86, RHEL AS 3 U5 x86, RHEL AS 3 U5 x86_64, RHEL AS 2.1, RH9, FC1, FC3, and FC4 I had to increase the kernel parameters shmmax, semopm, and filemax to meet the minimum requirement. On RHEL AS 4 x86_64 I had to increase shmmax and semopm.
Oracle also recommends to set the local port range ip_local_port_range for outgoing messages to "1024 65000" which is needed for high-usage systems. This kernel parameter defines the local port range for TCP and UDP traffic to choose from.
I added the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file which is used during the boot process:
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max=65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
Adding these lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file will cause the system to change these kernel parameters after each boot using the /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script which is invoked by /etc/inittab. But in order that these new added lines or settings in /etc/sysctl.conf become effective immediately, execute the following command:
su - root
sysctl -p
Starting with 10g R2 some network settings must be adjusted as well which is checked by OUI. For more information on setting these parameters, see Changing Network Kernel Settings.
For more information on shmmax, shmmni, shmmin, shmseg, and shmall, see Setting Shared Memory.
For more information on semmsl, semmni, semmns, and semopm, see Setting Semaphores.
For more information on filemax, see Setting File Handles.
Sizing Disk Space for Oracle10g
Oracle says that about 2.5 GB of disk space should be reserved for the Oracle software on Linux.
When I did an Oracle 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3.0) "General Purpose Database" installation (not including any software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD), the Oracle software used about 1.3 GB of disk space, and the preconfigured "General Purpose Database" (datafiles, etc.) used about 710 MB of disk space.
$ du -m -s /u01
1963 /u01
$ du -m -s /u01/app/oracle/oradata
720 /u01/app/oracle/oradata
If you also install additional software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD, then add at least 1 GB of free disk space.
So if you install Oracle10g Enterprise Edition and additional software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD, then you need about 2.5 GB of disk for the Oracle software. And if you also want to add a preconfigured database on the same filesystem, make sure to add another 1 GB of disk space.
NOTE: If you don't put Oracle10g on a separate filesystems, then make sure the root filesystem "/" has enough disk space. You can check the free space of the root filesystem with the following command:
df -h /
Using Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
For more information on installing and configuring ASM, see Installing and Configuring Automatic Storage Management (ASM) and Disks. And for information on how to make use of ASM disk groups when running OUI, see Installing Oracle Database 10g with Real Application Cluster (RAC).
Creating Oracle User Accounts
To create the oracle account and groups, execute the following commands:
su - root
groupadd dba # group of users to be granted SYSDBA system privilege
groupadd oinstall # group owner of Oracle files
useradd -c "Oracle software owner" -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
For more information on the "oinstall" group account, see When to use "OINSTALL" group during install of oracle.
Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User
Most shells like Bash provide control over various resources like the maximum allowable number of open file descriptors or the maximum number of processes available to a user. For more information on ulimit for the Bash shell, see man bash and search for ulimit.
If you just install a small test database, then you might be ok with the current settings (note that the limits very often vary). But for (larger) production databases, you should increase the following shell limits to the following values recommended by Oracle:
nofile = 65536 (To verify, execute: ulimit -n)
nproc = 16384 (To verify, execute: ulimit -u)
The nofile option denotes the maximum number of open file descriptors, and nproc denotes the maximum number of processes available to a single user.
To see all shell limits, execute:
ulimit -a
The following procedures/links show how to increase these parameters for the oracle user account:
For more information on nofile and how to increase the limit, see Setting Limits for the Maximum Number of Open File Descriptors for the Oracle User. Even though this procedure was written for Oracle9i on RHAS 2.1, it also applies to Oracle10g on RHEL AS 2.1, RHEL AS 3, and other versions.
For more information on nproc and how to increase the limit, see Setting Limits for the Maximum Number of Processes for the Oracle User. Even though this procedure was written for Oracle9i on RHAS 2.1, it also applies to Oracle10g on RHEL AS 2.1, RHEL AS 3, and other versions.
Creating Oracle Directories
For Oracle10g you only need to create the directory for $ORACLE_BASE:
su - root
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle
But if you want to comply with Oracle's Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), then you don't want to place the database files in the /u01 directory but in another directory/filesystem/disk like /u02. This is not a requirement but if you want to comply with OFA, then you might want to create the following directories as well:
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/orcl
chown oracle.oinstall /u02/oradata/orcl
In this example, "orcl" stands for the name of the database which will also be the name of the instance. This is typically the case for single instance databases.
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) for 10g R1 (10.1.0.2)
The OFA standard is a guideline created by Oracle to ensure reliable Oracle installations. For Oracle 10g Database, the OFA recommended Oracle home path has changed.
The home path for the first 10g (10.1.0) database installation on a system would be:
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
If you would install a second Oracle 10g Database 10g (10.1.0) on the same system, the Oracle home directory would be as follows:
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_2
If the Oracle10g software is not owned by the user oracle but by the user "oraowner", then the path of the Oracle home directory would be:
/u01/app/oraowner/product/10.1.0/db_1
/u01/app/oraowner/product/10.1.0/db_2
The standard directory name for Oracle10g is "app":
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
Oracle recommends to use mount points such as /u01, /u02, etc. which complies with the OFA guidelines. But others can be used, for example:
/disk_1/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
The subtree for database files not stored in ASM disk groups should be named as follows:
/u02/oradata/
/u02/oradata/
/u03/oradata/
/u03/oradata/
The mount point /u01 should be used for the Oracle software only. /u02, /u03, /u04 etc. should be used for the database files. The db_name stands for the DB_NAME initialization parameter which is typically the same as the SID name for single instance databases.
Setting Oracle Environments
Since the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) "runInstaller" is run from the oracle account, some environment variables must be configured for this account before OUI is started.
Execute the following commands for the Bash shell which is the default shell on Red Hat Linux (to verify your shell run: echo $SHELL):
su - oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
NOTE: If ORACLE_BASE is used, then Oracle recommends that you don't set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable but that you choose the default path suggested by the OUI. You can set and use ORACLE_HOME after you finished running OUI.
Also, the environment variables ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN should not be set. If you've already set these environment variables, you can unset them by running the following commands:
unset ORACLE_HOME
unset TNS_ADMIN
To have these environment variables set automatically each time you login as oracle, you can add these environment variables to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file which is the user startup file for the Bash shell on Red Hat Linux. To do this you could simply copy/paste the following commands to make these settings permanent for your oracle's Bash shell:
su - oracle
cat >> ~oracle/.bash_profile << EOF export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcl EOF Installing Oracle10g Installing Oracle10g on a Remote Linux Server If you don't install Oracle on your local system but on a remote server, then you need to relink X to your local desktop. The easiest way to do this is to use the "X11 forwarding" feature of ssh. This means that you don't have to run xhost and set the DISPLAY environment variable. Here is an example how to make use of the "X11 forward" feature of ssh. Simply run the following command from your local desktop: $ ssh -X oracle@oracle_remote_server_name Now when you try to run any GUI tool on the remote server, it will automatically be relinked to your local desktop. If this is not working, verify that the ForwardX11 setting is not set to "no" in /etc/ssh/ssh_config on the remote server: su - root # grep ForwardX11 /etc/ssh/ssh_config | grep -v "^#" ForwardX11 yes # If you are using telnet, however, you will have to set DISPLAY manually, see my other article Starting runInstaller for more information. Starting Oracle Universal Installer Insert the Oracle CD that contains the image of the downloaded file ship.db.lnx32.cpio, or change to the directory that contains the image directory Disk1. If you install Oracle10g from a CD, mount the CD by running the following commands in another terminal: su - root mount /mnt/cdrom For RHEL AS 4, RHEL AS 3, and FC3 you have to execute: su - root mount /media/cdrom Before you execute runInstaller, make sure the Oracle environment variables are set, see Setting Oracle Environments. You can verify the settings by running the set command: su - oracle oracle$ set To execute runInstaller from the mounted CD, run the following command as the oracle user: oracle$ /mnt/cdrom/runInstaller On RHEL AS 4, RHEL AS 3, and FC3 run the following command: oracle$ /media/cdrom/runInstaller Using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) The following example shows how to install x86 Oracle 10g Release 1 Database Software and a "General Purpose" database: (Note, the screens and questions will look different if you install 10g R2 or 64-bit 10g R1 database) - Welcome Screen: - Basic Installation: Checked it which is the default - Oracle Home Location: Use default: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1 - Installation Type: I used the default: Enterprise Edition - UNIX DBA Group: Use default: dba - Create Starter Databases: I checked it for this example which is the default - Global Database Name: orcl - Database password: Type in the password for SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP accounts - Advanced Installation: For this article I did not check it Click Next - Specify Inventory directory and credentials: - Full path of the inventory directory: Use default: /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory - Specify Operating System group name: Use default: oinstall Click Next - A window pops up to run the orainstRoot.sh script: Run the script in another terminal: su - root # /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Creating the Oracle inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc) Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. # Click Continue - Product-specific Prerequisite Checks: Verify that all checks have been passed. Make sure that the status of each Check is set to "Succeeded". On RHEL AS 4 ignore the warnings for binutils, gcc, and openmotif and proceed. If a check failed, see Oracle10g Installation Errors on Linux. Note that the "Retry" button doesn't work after you fixed one of the failed checks. Click Next - Select Database Configuration: I selected "General Purpose". Click Next - Specify Database Configuration Options: - Global Database Name: I used "orcl". - SID: I used "orcl". Click Next - Select Database Management Option: I selected "Use Database Control for Database Management". Click Next - Specify Database File Storage Option: I selected "File System". - File System - Specify Database file location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ If you want to comply with OFA, you might want to select another mount point than '/u01', e.g. /u02/oradata. Click Next - Specify Backup and Recovery Options: For my test installation I selected "Do no enable Automated Backups". Click Next - Specify Database Schema Passwords: Make sure that the password(s) don't start with a digit number! Otherwise you will later get error message(s) like "ORA-00988 missing or invalid password". Click Next - Summary: Click Install If Enterprise manager configuration fails due to port allocation problems, check out Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems. When a window pops up to run the root.sh script, execute the script in another terminal as root: su - root # /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/root.sh Running Oracle10 root.sh script... \nThe following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... \nCreating /etc/oratab file... Adding entry to /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. /var/opt/oracle does not exist. Creating it now. /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has been initialized Adding to inittab Checking the status of Oracle init process... Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds. CSS is active on these nodes. mars CSS is active on all nodes. Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M) # Click OK - End of Installation: Click Exit Updates after Running Oracle Universal Installer After Oracle10g has been installed, make sure that ORACLE_HOME, PATH, and LD_LIBRARY_PATH are set for the oracle account. Note that the path for ORACLE_HOME might be different on your system! Also note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is needed for some Oracle binaries such as sysresv! For 10g R1 (10.1.0.3) I added the following lines to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file: export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/db_1 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib For 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I added the following lines to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file: export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib After that run the following command to set all environment variables in ~oracle/.bash_profile: $ . ~oracle/.bash_profile This commmand will add the environment variables to the ~oracle/.profile and source in the file for the current shell by executing ". ~oracle/.bash_profile". NOTE: Do not add a trailing "/" on the ORACLE_HOME environment variable. Otherwise you will get the error "ORACLE not available" when you try to connect to sys, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems for more information. Oracle Post-installation Tasks Before you continue, make sure you followed the steps at Updates after Running Oracle Universal Installer. Startup and Shutdown of the Oracle10g Database To startup the database: oracle$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> startup
To shutdown the database:
oracle$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown
The slash connects you to the schema owned by SYS. In the above example you will be connected to the schema owned by SYS with the privilege SYSDBA. SYSDBA gives you the following privileges:
- sysoper privileges WITH ADMIN OPTION
- create database
- recover database until
Shutdown of other Oracle 10g Background Processes
If you installed a preconfigured database using OUI, then several Oracle background processes are now running on your server. Execute the following command to see the background processes:
ps -ef
To shutdown the Oracle background processes after an Oracle Database 10g installation, you can execute the following commands:
• iSQL*Plus
To stop iSQL*Plus, run:
su - oracle
isqlplusctl stop
• Database Management Processes
During the installation of Oracle 10g, OUI offered two Database Management Options:
If you selected "Database Control for Database Management", then the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control) can be shutdown with the following command which stops both the agent and the Oracle Containers for Java (OC4J) management service:
su - oracle
emctl stop dbconsole
If you selected "Grid Control for Database Management" which is used for full "Grid Control" installations, then the Oracle Management Agent (standalone agent) for the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control (Grid Control) can be stopped with the following command:
su - oracle
emctl stop agent
• Oracle Net Listener
To stop the listener, run:
su - oracle
lsnrctl stop
• Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS)
To shutdown Oracle CSS daemon, run:
su - root
/etc/rc.d/init.d/init.cssd stop
Tips and Hints for Oracle10g on Linux
• To reinstall Oracle10g after a failed installation attempt, you might want to execute the following commands.
Make sure you first used the De-installation option in OUI.
su - root
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
. $ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig delete # stops the Oracle CSS daemon and deletes configuration
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/*
rm -f /etc/oraInst.loc /etc/oratab
rm -rf /etc/oracle
rm -f /etc/inittab.cssd
rm -f /usr/local/bin/coraenv /usr/local/bin/dbhome /usr/local/bin/oraenv
Make also sure to unset and uncomment ORACLE_HOME from ~oracle/.bash_profile.
Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems
Here is a list of common Oracle10g installation problems and other issues.
Note that most of the issues are due to not following correctly the installation procedure. And some errors are due to not using an Oracle supported Linux OS.
The Installation log file can be found in $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs.
The Database Creation log file can be found in $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/create.
• Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking installer requirements...
Checking operating system version: must be redhat-2.1, UnitedLinux-1.0 or redhat-3
Failed <<<<
Exiting Oracle Universal Installer, log for this session can be found at ...
See Checking/Updating the redhat-release File for more information.
• Checking for gcc-2.96; found Not found. Failed <<<<
See Checking Software Packages (RPMs) for more information.
Note that "Retry" in the "Product-specific Prerequisite Checks" window does not work. So you either set it manually to Passed or you restart OUI.
• Checking for openmotif-2.1.30-11; found Not found. Failed <<
See Checking Software Packages (RPMs) for more information.
Note that "Retry" in the "Product-specific Prerequisite Checks" window does not work. So you either set it manually to Passed or you restart OUI.
• Checking for shmmax=2147483648; found shmmax=33554432. Failed <<<<
Increase the shmmax kernel parameter.
For more information on shmmax, see Checking Kernel Parameters.
Note that "Retry" in the "Product-specific Prerequisite Checks" window does not work. So you either set it manually to Passed or you restart OUI.
• Checking for semopm=100; found semopm=32. Failed <<<<
Increase the semopm kernel parameter.
For more information on semopm, see Checking Kernel Parameters.
Note that "Retry" in the "Product-specific Prerequisite Checks" window does not work. So you either set it manually to Passed or you restart OUI.
• Checking for filemax=65536; found filemax=26163. Failed <<<<
Increase the file-max kernel parameter:
For more information on file-max, see Checking Kernel Parameters.
Note that "Retry" in the "Product-specific Prerequisite Checks" window does not work. So you either set it manually to Passed or you restart OUI.
• ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory or
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
First check if ORACLE_SID is set correctly.
If ORACLE_SID is set correctly, then you probably have a trailing slash "/" on the ORACLE_HOME environment variable. Remove it and try again to connect to sys (e.g from ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/ to ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1).
• ORA-00988 missing or invalid password(s).
During the Oracle10g installation you probably provided a password for the Oracle database accounts that started with a digit number. Ignore this error message and change the password when you are done with the Oracle10g installation.
• $ sysresv -i
sysresv: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Make sure LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set to $ORACLE_HOME/lib:
oracle$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
• X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication.
X connection to localhost:10.0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).
To rectify this problem, try to login to the remote Oracle server again by using the "X11 forward" feature of ssh. Execute the following command from your local desktop:
$ ssh -X oracle@oracle_remote_server_name
Now when you try to run any GUI tool on the remote server, it will automatically be relinked to your local desktop. If this is not working, verify that the ForwardX11 setting is not set to "no" in /etc/ssh/ssh_config on your remote server:
su - root
# grep ForwardX11 /etc/ssh/ssh_config | grep -v "^#"
ForwardX11 yes
#
NOTE: If you use for example Red Hat Fedora Core 3 as your desktop and you want to install the database on another machine, then you need to set the DisallowTCP entry in /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf for the GNOME Display Manager to read:
DisallowTCP=false
After that you need to restart your X server. I usually do this with the init command:
su - root
init 3
init 5
If you are using telnet, however, you will have to set DISPLAY manually, see my other article Starting runInstaller for more information.
• Recovery Manager rman hangs
You are probably running the wrong rman binary which belongs to the XFree86-devel RPM:
$ which rman
/usr/X11R6/bin/rman
• ORA-00988 missing or invalid password(s).
During the Oracle10g installation you probably provided a password for the Oracle database accounts that started with a digit number. Ignore this error message and change the password when you are done with the Oracle10g installation.
• $ ./runInstaller
...
Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so:
libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred..
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so:
libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1560)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1477)
...
You may get this error message on RHEL3 x86_64, RHEL4 x86_64, and on other systems. Even though you most probably have /usr/X11R6/lib64/libXp.so.6 installed on your system, this error messages is complaining that it can't find the libXp.so.6 shared library for i386:
/tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
On my RHEL3 x86_64 system for 10g (10.1.0.3) I had to install the i386 XFree86-libs package (XFree86-libs-4.3.0-81.EL.i386.rpm). In order to satisfy dependencies for this i386 package, I had to install a few other i386 RPMs as well:
# rpm -ivh XFree86-libs-4.3.0-81.EL.i386.rpm \
XFree86-Mesa-libGL-4.3.0-81.EL.i386.rpm \
expat-1.95.5-6.i386.rpm \
fontconfig-2.2.1-13.i386.rpm \
freetype-2.1.4-4.0.i386.rpm \
zlib-1.1.4-8.1.i386.rpm
On my RHEL4 x86_64 U1 system for 10g (10.1.0.3) I had to install the i386 xorg-x11-deprecated-libs package (xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm). In order to satisfy dependencies for this i386 package, I had to install a few other i386 RPMs as well:
# rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm \
xorg-x11-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm \
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm \
expat-1.95.7-4.i386.rpm \
fontconfig-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm \
freetype-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm \
zlib-1.2.1.2-1.i386.rpm
On my RHEL4 x86_64 U2 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I had to install the i386 xorg-x11-deprecated-libs package (xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm). In order to satisfy dependencies for this i386 package, I had to install a few other i386 RPMs as well:
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm \
xorg-x11-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm \
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm \
expat-1.95.7-4.i386.rpm \
fontconfig-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm \
freetype-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm \
zlib-1.2.1.2-1.2.i386.rpm
On my RHEL4 x86 U2 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I had to install the following RPM:
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
If you get this error message on Fedora Core 3 x86, install the xorg-x11-deprecated-libs RPM. For example:
# rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.1-12.FC3.21
After I installed these RPMs I had to restart the installation. If you know a more elegant way to continue, please drop me an email.
• make -f /u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/ins_sysman.mk relink_sharedobj SHAREDOBJ=libnmemso
make[1]: Entering directory `/u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib'
gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/libnmemso.so -m32 ...
...
/usr/bin/ld: crti.o: No such file: No such file or directory
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [/u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/libnmemso.so] Error 1
You may get this error message or a similar one when installing 64-bit 10g on RHEL4 x86_64.
On my RHEL4 U1 x86_64 system for 10g (10.1.0.3) I installed the following i386 RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.i386.rpm
On my RHEL4 U2 x86-64 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I installed the following i386 RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm
• make -f /u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/ins_sysman.mk relink_sharedobj SHAREDOBJ=libnmemso
make[1]: Entering directory `/u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib'
gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/libnmemso.so -m32 ...
...
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s_32
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: Leaving directory `/u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib'
make[1]: *** [/u01/app/oracle/OraHome_1/sysman/lib/libnmemso.so] Error 1
You may get this error message or a similar one when installing 64-bit 10g on RHEL4 x86_64.
On my RHEL4 U1 x86_64 system for 10g (10.1.0.3) I installed the following i386 RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh libgcc-3.4.3-22.1.i386.rpm
On my RHEL4 U2 x86_64 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I installed the following i386 RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh libgcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm
• error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Make sure the libaio RPM is installed.
For example in RHEL 3 x86:
# rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.96-5.i386.rpm
For example in RHEL 4 U2 x86_64:
# rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.103-3.x86_64.rpm
• $ ./runInstaller
...
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-07-24_09-03-19AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so:
/tmp/OraInstall2005-07-24_09-03-19AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)
...
I saw this error when I installed 10g R2 on Fedora Core 4. I fixed it by patchting/upgrading the SELinux policy:
# rpm -Uvh selinux-policy-targeted-1.25.2-4.noarch.rpm
You can download the latest selinux-policy-targeted RPM from http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/updates/4/i386/.
You could also disable SELinux which I DO NOT recommend:
# /usr/sbin/setenforce 0
• Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'.
See '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2005-11-13_01-07-04AM.log' for details.
The log file showed the following error:
INFO: gcc:
INFO: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.5: No such file or directory
INFO:
INFO: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/genorasdksh: Failed to link liborasdkbase.so.10.2
INFO: make: *** [liborasdkbase] Error 1
On my RHEL4 U2 x86_64 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I installed the following x86_64 RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.x86_64.rpm
Note that you may already have the "i386" compat-libstdc++-33 RPM installed on your systems but you need the "x86_64" RPM to fix this problem. To verify which compat-libstdc++-33 RPM you have installed on your system, run:
# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' compat-libstdc++-33
• Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl ihsodbc' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'.
See '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2005-07-24_09-25-22AM.log' for details.
The log file showed the following error:
INFO: Creating /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/liborasdkbase.so.10.2
INFO: gcc:
INFO: /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5: No such file or directory
INFO:
INFO: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/genorasdksh: Failed to link liborasdkbase.so.10.2
This means that the "33" version of the compat-libstdc++ RPM is missing.
On my RHEL 4 U2 x86 system for 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I installed the following RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm
NOTE: You need the "33" version of the compat-libstdc++ RPM. For i386 there is also a "296" version of the compat-libstdc++ RPM. Here are the two compat-libstdc++ RPMs that come with RHEL 4 U2:
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm
In Fedora Core 4 x86 I installed the following RPM to fix this problem:
# rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.fc4.i386.rpm
NOTE: You need the "33" version of the compat-libstdc++ RPM. For i386 there is also a "296" version of the compat-libstdc++ RPM. Here are the two compat-libstdc++ RPMs that come with FC4:
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.fc4.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.fc4.i386.rpm
After that hit Retry in the error dialog window.
• Error in invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'.
See '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2005-11-13_01-25-49AM.log' for details.
The log file showed the following error:
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libirc.a(fast_memcpy.o):
relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against `_memcpy_mem_ops_method' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
INFO: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/genorasdksh: Failed to link liborasdkbase.so.10.2
This error comes up when installing 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) on RHEL4 x86_64. Make sure to upgrade to RHEL4 U3 or to download the binutils RPM from https://rhn.redhat.com/ or from http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/:
# rpm -Uvh --force binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm
For more information on this bug, see Bugzilla Bug 679.
• ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
There can be many reasons for this error. For example, this can happen during ASM instance startup when the libaio RPM is not installed on the system.
• $ lsnrctl start
...
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00517: Lost contact
Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=centauri)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00517: Lost contact
Linux Error: 104: Connection reset by peer
Make sure the loopback entry in /etc/hosts is not missing when you start the listener:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
Now try to run lsnrctl start as oracle again.
References
Oracle Database Documentation Library
Werner's Oracle Linux Page
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